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This image provided by Mt. Cuba Center shows the formal native plant garden blooming at the botanical garden, located in Hockessin, Del. Plantings depicted are: Amsonia tabernaemontana 'Storm Cloud', Asclepias tuberosa, Coreopsis verticillata 'Crazy Cayenne', Gillenia trifoliata 'Pink Profusion', Monarda didyma 'AChall', Penstemon 'Dark Towers', Physocarpus opulifolius 'SMPOTW', Rudbeckia maxima, Sisyrinchium angustifolium 'Lucerne', Solidago sphacelata 'Golden Fleece' and Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'October Skies'. (Alessandra N. Stokley/Mt. Cuba Center via AP)
Picture this: You step into your garden, and the beds are brimming with flowers that thrive on benign neglect.
You seldom need to water them, and they don't require much in the way of fertilizer, either. What's more, you feel like Snow White as birds, bees and butterflies congregate around you, eating seeds and gathering pollen.
It feels like a dream, but it doesn't have to be. If your idea of the perfect garden includes abundant plants that do well with little human intervention, while attracting and supporting all manner of pollinators, you can make it real by planting native plants.
The first step is to lure pollinators, which are necessary for the production of flowers, fruits and vegetables. The best way to attract them is by using plants that support them.
Our native insects and birds evolved alongside our native plants, so they naturally recognize them as food. Non-native species - exotic plants from Asia, Africa, South America and Europe and, to some degree, from distant regions of the U.S. - are simply not recognized as food sources by native pollinators. Planting them creates food deserts for native bees, birds, bats, butterflies, moths and beetles, all of which are necessary for a healthy ecosystem.
Doug Tallamy, a professor of entomology at the University of Delaware and author of "Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants" (Timber Press, 2007), found that non-native plant species disrupt the food chain, which can lead to a collapse of the ecosystem.
"Plant choice matters," he said. "The plants we choose to landscape our properties (with) should be determined by how much life can live there."
If you think about it, our lives depend entirely on insects: Without them, we would have no flowering plants, which would dismantle the food web that supports vital animals. Birds, for instance, depend on plants for food and disperse their seeds while keeping the populations of harmful insect in check.
Insects support plants that provide oxygen, clean our water, capture carbon and add it to the soil to enrich it. That builds topsoil and prevents flooding. Without them, the biosphere - the living portion of the earth, which includes soil - would rot, due to the loss of insect decomposers, and humans simply couldn't survive that, Tallamy says.
This June 2020 image provided by Debbie Roos shows North Carolina native plants (culver's root, coneflower, whorled tickseed, hoary skullcap, blazing star, cup plant, climbing aster, stemless ironweed and blackhaw viburnum) growing in the demonstration Pollinator Paradise Garden in Pittsboro, N.C. (Debbie Roos/NC Cooperative Extension via AP)
In addition to providing food and habitat for insects and other wildlife, native plants are perfectly acclimated to growing in your region - so they don't require much maintenance.
That means less watering, less fertilizing, less fussing. They've been doing quite nicely growing wild by the side of the road, thank you, and will do the same in your backyard.
The good news is we get to decide what we plant in our own gardens. So as we celebrate the 52nd anniversary of the first Earth Day on April 22, let's resolve to plant more natives. Start your journey with help from the following resources:
Lady Bird Johnson Wildlife Center (https://www.wildflower.org/collections/): Select your state, growing conditions and desired plant attributes, and view database results of appropriate native plants. Browse recommended plant species by state.
The Biota of North America Program (http://bonap.net/fieldmaps): Click on your state, and the search will generate a list of native plants, which can be drilled down to the county level.
The Xerces Society (https://xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/pollinator-friendly-plant-lists): View and print out state fact sheets of recommended native plants that are attractive to pollinators and suited for small-scale plantings such as in home gardens.
Audubon Native Plants Database (https://www.audubon.org/native-plants): Enter your zip code to view a list of the best native plants to attract specific birds in your area.
Your county's cooperative extension office also should be able to point you in the right direction.
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Jessica Damiano writes regularly about gardening for The Associated Press. A master gardener and educator, she writes The Weekly Dirt newsletter and creates an annual wall calendar of daily gardening tips.
