Majestic giant: Sycamore is Ohio's biggest recorded tree

Ohio Department of Natural Resources Forester, Alistair Reynolds, stands in the hollowed out trunk of the current record holder for the largest Eastern Sycamore in the nation, Wednesday, May 22, 2019, in Ashland County, Ohio. Reynolds goes around the state measuring trees as part of ODNR's Big Tree Program that encourages people to locate, measure, record, and appreciate the largest tree species in Ohio. (Courtney Hergesheimer/The Columbus Dispatch via AP)

JEROMESVILLE, Ohio (AP) - Sparse leaves on outstretched branches provide scant shade for the tall grass below. Sunlight beams down through sporadic patches of green like a kaleidoscope.

About 50 feet away, a tributary to the Jerome Fork of the Mohican River slowly winds through farmland, separating the tree from adjacent fields of crops. Birdsong provides nature's background music.

Large, bulbous burls covering scars of trauma adorn the trunk of this wilderness sentinel. The gnarled trunk of this massive American sycamore, which is at least two centuries old, measures 436 inches in circumference, and the tree stands 88 feet tall. A portion of the trunk is hollow - a cavity measuring more than 8 feet tall.

"These big trees, you don't see a whole lot of them. So when you do, you really appreciate them. You want to document them," said Alistair Reynolds, a forester for the Ohio Department of Natural Resources who coordinates the Ohio Big Tree Program. "There's also a scientific component here, too. We try to maintain a database of the largest trees."

The program tracks the largest trees in the state by species and uses measurements of the tree's crown spread, its height and circumference to assign each tree a score. Reynolds visits trees nominated by the public, and he uses a tape measure, laser rangefinder/hypsometer, which measures height, and a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) device, which uses a pulsed laser to take other measurements.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources Forester, Alistair Reynolds, takes measurements of the current record holder for the largest Eastern Sycamore in the nation, Wednesday, May 22, 2019, in Ashland County, Ohio. Reynolds goes around the state measuring trees as part of ODNR's Big Tree Program that encourages people to locate, measure, record, and appreciate the largest tree species in Ohio. (Courtney Hergesheimer/The Columbus Dispatch via AP)

Other states have similar programs. American Forests, a nonprofit group dedicated to reforestation, has a list of "champion" trees across the country and uses the data to declare national record holders. Researchers can look at the numbers kept by states to determine how large some species of trees will grow.

This tree has four major stems, like secondary trunks, forking up from the main trunk, although only three are counted when it comes to competitions against other trees because one stem is below a 4 1/2-foot minimum height mark used in judging. (That means some judges would consider one of the stems a separate tree.) Smaller offshoots have branched off of the massive trunk but now have dropped leaves. The total score of the tree is 547 - making it the largest tree on record in the state.

The tree is now in the process of dying. There is no way to know exactly how old it is - especially with the hollow trunk. Reynolds estimates that because of its size, it easily predates Ohio's statehood in 1803.

It's also the largest American sycamore in the country.

"Not only is it the biggest tree, it's probably the hollowest tree" in Ohio, Reynolds said.

Anthracnose fungus has caused witches broom patterns on twigs and made healthy leaves scarce. A fungus also left the gaping hole in the trunk.

"If the rate of decay exceeds the growth rate, then it's going to have some challenges," Reynolds said. "As high as the rot grows up the stem, it's likely to fail."

In this program, "One good storm can change everything," Reynolds said. Last week's storms tore down the state's champion white oak tree in Canfield in northeastern Ohio that had a full picturesque canopy.

Even as the tree's health fails, there's something majestic about its presence. Those on the big-tree list impart a sense of serenity to people who get up close.

"They are inspiring. You get a really cool feeling when you're around a big tree versus hanging out around one of those maples," Reynolds said, standing in a cornfield and gesturing toward a group of smaller trees. "You don't really feel anything around those. But when you get around a monster tree, you definitely feel - I feel - a connection around them."

Marc DeWerth is the founder of Big Trees Ohio, a group of conservationists with a Facebook page on which members post photos of large trees and often include measurements. DeWerth routinely follows up on tips submitted on the page and holds contests challenging the group to find even larger trees. The next contest, beginning Sunday, will be a search for the largest undocumented American sycamore.

"It won't beat this one unless it's a multi (stem). But I'm positive: There's so many big ones in our state. They are hidden on the rivers," DeWerth said.

A small plaque near the base of the Ashland County tree reads, "Nation's Largest Sycamore," and dates to 1970 when it was first recognized by American Forests. It displays the name of the former landowner who passed away at the age of 90 last year. He was known to host occasional tours to show off the tree. His family still owns the land.

Reynolds plans to return to the tree in the coming weeks to inspect its foliage and general health.

DeWerth recently assisted Reynolds with measurements.

"Just imagine all the stories that tree can tell us after its long ... life," DeWerth said. "Plus, the fact that it has seed(ed) other sycamores in that area will ensure that species' survival ... for many years to come."