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This aerial view taken Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, shows part of an Amtrak train that derailed in north-central Montana Saturday that killed multiple people and left others hospitalized, officials said. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars, when it left the tracks about 4 p.m. Saturday. (Larry Mayer/The Billings Gazette via AP)
JOPLIN, Mont. (AP) - Federal investigators examined overturned rail cars and a stretch of tracks Monday as they worked to figure out why an Amtrak train derailed in rural Montana over the weekend, killing three people.
The westbound Empire Builder was traveling from Chicago to Seattle when it left the tracks Saturday afternoon near Joplin, a town of about 200. The train, carrying 141 passengers and 16 crew members, had two locomotives and 10 cars, eight of which derailed, with some tipping onto their sides. Seven people were hospitalized.
The derailment occurred near a switch in the line, where one set of tracks turned into two, on a stretch of track that had just been inspected two days earlier, said Matt Jones, a BNSF Railway spokesman said Sunday at a news conference.
NTSB officials were expected to provide an update later Monday. Identities of the victims had not been released.
Workers stand near train tracks, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, next to overturned cars from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Investigators will look at "everything" including the switch, wheels, axles and suspension systems, as well as the track geometry and condition, including any cracks, said Steven Ditmeyer, a rail consultant and former senior official at the Federal Railroad Administration. He said a switch like the one in Joplin would be controlled by the BNSF control center in Fort Worth, Texas.
Sometimes rail lines can become deformed by heat, creating a buckle in the tracks known as sun kinks, Ditmeyer said. That was the cause of another derailment in northern Montana in August 1988, when an Empire Builder train derailed about 170 miles (274 kilometers) east in Saco, Montana. The NTSB concluded that an inspection failed to catch a problem in the track, and officials did not warn trains to slow down on that stretch. The crew saw the track had shifted, but the train was going full speed and could not stop before derailing.
Ditmeyer doesn't necessarily think sun kinks caused this accident, though. Temperatures were in the high 80s Saturday near Joplin, according to the National Weather Service.
Map locates derailed Amtrak train and details of the site.
Another possibility was a defect in the rail, said railroad safety expert David Clarke, director of the Center for Transportation Research at the University of Tennessee. He noted that regular testing does not always catch such problems.
Speed was not a likely factor because trains on that line have systems that prevent excessive speeds and collisions, which appear to have worked in this case, Clarke said.
The speed limit on that stretch of track is 79 mph, said John Haitt, an investigator with the Bremseth law firm based in Minneapolis.
Two locomotives and two cars at the front of the train reached the switch and continued on the main track, but the remaining eight cars derailed. He said it was unclear whether some of the last cars moved onto the second track.
"Did the switch play some role? It might have been that the front of the train hit the switch and it started fish-tailing and that flipped the back part of the train," Clarke said.
The site of the derailment is about 150 miles (241 kilometers) northeast of Helena, Montana, and about 30 miles (48 kilometers) from the Canadian border. The tracks cut through vast, golden brown wheat fields that were recently harvested and roughly parallel to U.S. Highway 2.
Workers walk Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, next to an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A 14-member National Transportation Safety Board team including railroad signal specialists will look into the cause of the accident, NTSB spokesman Eric Weiss said.
Allan Zarembski, director of the University of Delaware's Railway Engineering and Safety Program, said he did not want to speculate but suspected the derailment stemmed from an issue with the track, train equipment or both.
Railways have "virtually eliminated" major derailments by human error after the implementation of a nationwide system designed to stop trains before an accident, Zarembski said.
The derailment comes as Congress works toward final passage of a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure package that includes $66 billion to improve Amtrak service. That's less than the $80 billion that President Joe Biden - who famously rode Amtrak from Delaware to Washington during his time in the Senate - originally asked for, but it would be the largest federal investment in passenger rail service since Amtrak was founded 50 years ago.
The biggest chunk of money would go toward repairs and improvements along the rail service's congested 457-mile-long Northeast Corridor as well as intercity routes with higher commuter traffic. About $16 billion also is aimed at building out Amtrak's national service to wider America, particularly in rural regions.
Heavy equipment props up a leaning train car, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, that was part of an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Amtrak CEO Bill Flynn said the company was working with the NTSB, Federal Railroad Administration and local law enforcement, sharing their "sense of urgency" to determine what happened in Montana.
Most of those on the train were treated and released for their injuries, but five who were more seriously hurt remained at the Benefis Health System hospital in Great Falls, Montana, said Sarah Robbin, Liberty County emergency services coordinator. Two were in the intensive care unit, a hospital spokeswoman said.
Two more people were at Logan Health, a hospital in Kalispell, Montana, spokeswoman Melody Sharpton said.
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Associated Press writers Hope Yen in Washington and David Koenig in Dallas contributed to this report.
Cars from an Amtrak train that derailed the day before are shown illuminated by floodlights, late Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, as they rest near a train signal near Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A worker wears a headlamp, late Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near cars from an Amtrak train that derailed the day before, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Engines and cars from an Amtrak train that derailed a day earlier are shown illuminated by floodlights, late Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers stand Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near toppled cars from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers walk Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, next to cars from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Heavy equipment moves gravel Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, next to cars from an an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
This aerial view taken Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, shows an Amtrak train that derailed in north-central Montana Saturday that killed multiple people and left others hospitalized, officials said. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars, when it left the tracks about 4 p.m. Saturday. (Larry Mayer/The Billings Gazette via AP)
Workers walk near derailed cars from an Amtrak train, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, that derailed the day before just west of Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Engines and cars from an Amtrak train that derailed a day earlier are shown Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, at the derailment site just west of Joplin, Mont.. The crash killed three people and injured others. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Engines and cars from an Amtrak train that derailed a day earlier are shown Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, at the derailment site just west of Joplin, Mont. The crash killed three people and injured others. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A sign is shown at a railroad crossing, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near to cars from an an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Jason Jarrett, of the Gallatin County (Mont.) Sheriff's Office, talks on a phone Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near an Amtrak train that derailed a day earlier just west of Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Heavy equipment is shown Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, next to cars from an Amtrak train that derailed a day earlier just west of Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago, with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A person wearing a National Transportation Safety Board vest and hardhat, left, watches, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, as another worker climbs down from an engine of an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A person wearing a National Transportation Safety Board vest and hardhat, left, walks with another person, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near engines from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers stand Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near toppled cars from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A person wearing a National Transportation Safety Board vest and hardhat takes photos, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, near cars from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers examine a train car, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A water truck drives on a road, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, next to an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers examine a train car, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers stand Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, near overturned cars from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers examine a train car, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
Workers stand near a train car, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021, from an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont., killing three people and injuring others. Federal investigators are seeking the cause of the derailment. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
An Amtrak Police officer wears a mask, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, at the site where an Amtrak train derailed Saturday, just west of Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A piece of heavy equipment props up a leaning train car, Sunday, Sept. 26, 2021, that was part of an Amtrak train that derailed Saturday, near Joplin, Mont. The westbound Empire Builder was en route to Seattle from Chicago with two locomotives and 10 cars. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
